What is CNC technology? Summary of CNC Reform of Machine Tools

First, a brief history of the development of numerical control system and trends <br> <br> in 1952, computer technology applied to the machine, in the United States was born first CNC machine tools. Since then, traditional machine tools have produced qualitative changes. For nearly half a century, CNC systems have experienced two stages and six generations of development.

1.1, NC (NC) stage (1952 ~ 1970)

The early computing speed of the computer was low, and it had little effect on the scientific calculation and data processing at that time, but it could not meet the requirements of real-time control of the machine tool. People have to use digital logic circuits to "set up" a machine-specific computer as a numerical control system, called HARD-WIRED NC, referred to as CNC (NC). With the development of components, this stage has gone through three generations, namely the first generation in 1952 - the electron tube; the second generation in 1959 - the transistor; the third generation in 1965 - the small-scale integrated circuit.

1.2, computer numerical control (CNC) stage (1970 ~ now)

By 1970, the GM small computer industry had emerged and produced in batches. So it was transplanted as the core component of the CNC system, and it has entered the computer numerical control (CNC) stage (the "general" word that should be in front of the computer is omitted). By 1971, for the first time in the world, INTEL Corporation integrated the two core components of the computer, the computing unit and the controller, on a single chip using a large-scale integrated circuit technology, called a microprocessor (MICROPROCESSOR). ), also known as the central processing unit (referred to as CPU).

By 1974 the microprocessor was used in CNC systems. This is because the function of a small computer is too strong, and the ability to control a machine tool is rich (so it was used to control multiple machine tools at that time, called group control), it is better to use a microprocessor economically reasonable. Moreover, the reliability of the minicomputer at the time was not satisfactory. Early microprocessor speeds and functions were not high enough, but could be solved with a multiprocessor architecture. Since the microprocessor is a core component of a general-purpose computer, it is still called computer numerical control.

By 1990, the performance of PCs (personal computers, domestically referred to as microcomputers) had reached a very high stage and could meet the requirements of being a core component of CNC systems. The CNC system has since entered the PC-based phase.

In short, the computer numerical control phase has also experienced three generations. That is, the fourth generation in 1970 - small computers; the fifth generation in 1974 - the microprocessor and the sixth generation in 1990 - based on PC (foreign called PC-BASED).

It should also be pointed out that although foreign countries have long been renamed as computer numerical control (CNC), China is still used to call numerical control (NC). Therefore, the "numerical control" that we talk about every day actually refers to "computer numerical control".

1.3. The future development trend of CNC 1.3.1 Continue to develop the open, PC-based sixth generation direction Based on the openness, low cost, high reliability, rich hardware and software resources of PC, more CNC systems Manufacturers will take this path. At least the PC is used as its front-end machine to deal with human-machine interface, programming, networking communication and other issues, and the original system undertakes the task of numerical control. The friendly human-machine interface of the PC will be popularized in all CNC systems. Remote communication, remote diagnosis and repair will be more common. Japan, the European Union, and the United States are working on open-ended standards for open-ended CNC.

1.3.2 Development towards high speed and high precision This is the need to adapt to the development of machine tools in the direction of high speed and high precision.

1.3.3 Development towards Intelligentization With the continuous penetration and development of artificial intelligence in the computer field, the degree of intelligence of CNC systems will continue to increase.

(1) Application of adaptive control technology The numerical control system can detect some important information in the process and automatically adjust the relevant parameters of the system to achieve the purpose of improving the operating state of the system.

(2) Introduce the expert system to guide the processing. The experience of skilled workers and experts, the general laws and special laws of processing are stored in the system, and the expert system with artificial intelligence is established with the support of the process parameter database.

(3) Introducing fault diagnosis expert system (4) Intelligent digital servo drive device

The parameters can be automatically adjusted by automatically identifying the load to get the best operation of the drive system.

Second, the necessity of CNC machine tool transformation 2.1, the necessity of micro-view transformation From the microscopic point of view, CNC machine tools have the following outstanding advantages over traditional machine tools, and these advantages are derived from the power of the computer contained in the CNC system.

2.1.1 It is possible to machine complex parts such as curves and curved surfaces that cannot be processed by conventional machine tools.

Because the computer has superb computing power, it can instantaneously and accurately calculate the amount of motion that each axis should move instantaneously, so it can be combined into complex curves or surfaces.

2.1.2 The automation of machining can be realized, and it is flexible automation, so the efficiency can be increased by 3 to 7 times compared with the traditional machine tool.

Since the computer has the ability to remember and store, the input program can be remembered and stored, and then automatically executed in the order specified by the program to achieve automation. CNC machine tools can be automated, so that single-piece and small-batch production can be automated by replacing one program, so it is called “flexible automation”.

2.1.3 The precision of the machined parts is high and the dimensional dispersion is small, which makes the assembly easy and no longer needs to be “repaired”.

2.1.4 It can realize the concentration of multiple processes and reduce the frequent handling of parts between machine tools.

2.1.5 With automatic self-discipline functions such as automatic alarm, automatic monitoring and automatic compensation, it can realize long-time unattended processing.

2.1.6 Benefits derived from the above five articles.

Such as: reducing the labor intensity of workers, saving labor (one person can take care of multiple machine tools), reducing tooling, shortening the trial cycle and production cycle of new products, and responding quickly to market demand.
These superiorities are unimaginable by the predecessors and are an extremely important breakthrough. In addition, numerical control of machine tools is the basis for enterprise information transformation such as FMC (Flexible Manufacturing Unit), FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System) and CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System). CNC technology has become the core technology and basic technology of manufacturing automation.

2.2. The necessity of macroscopic transformation From a macro perspective, military and civilian machinery industries in industrialized countries have begun to apply CNC machine tools on a large scale in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Its essence is to use information technology to carry out technological transformation of traditional industries (including military and civilian machinery industries). In addition to the use of CNC machine tools, FMC, FMS in the manufacturing process, it also includes the implementation of CAD, CAE, CAM, virtual manufacturing in product development and the implementation of MIS (Management Information System), CIMS and so on in production management. And increase the content of information technology, including artificial intelligence, in the products it produces. Due to the in-depth transformation of foreign military and civilian machinery industries (called informationization) by using information technology, their products have finally become more competitive in the international military and civilian products market. And we are about 20 years behind the developed countries in information technology transformation of traditional industries. For example, in China's machine tool ownership, the proportion of CNC machine tools (digital control rate) was only 1.9% in 1995, while Japan had reached 20.8% in 1994. Therefore, a large number of mechanical and electrical products are imported every year. This also explains the necessity of numerical control transformation of machine tools from a macro perspective.
Third, the machine tool and production line CNC transformation market 3.1, machine tool numerical control transformation market China's current total of machine tools more than 380 million units, and the total number of CNC machine tools is only 113,400 units, that is, China's machine tool numerical control rate is less than 3%. In the past 10 years, the annual output of CNC machine tools in China is about 0.6-0.8 million units, and the annual output value is about 1.8 billion yuan. The annual output of the machine tool is 6%. More than 60% of China's machine tools have been in service for more than 10 years; less than 20% of automatic/semi-automatic machines are available for machines under 10 years, and there are only a handful of automated production lines such as FMC/FMS (60% for automatic and semi-automatic machines in the US and Japan). the above). It can be seen that most of the manufacturing and processing equipment of most of our manufacturing industries and enterprises are traditional machine tools, and more than half of them are old machine tools with a service age of more than 10 years. The products processed with this equipment generally have poor quality, low variety, low grade, high cost and long delivery period, so they lack competitiveness in the international and domestic markets, directly affecting a company's products, markets, benefits, and influence. The survival and development of enterprises. Therefore, it is necessary to greatly improve the numerical control rate of the machine tool.

According to experts' prediction, by 2001, the consumption of CNC machine tools in China will reach 24.02 billion yuan. On the one hand, these needs are met by purchasing new equipment. On the other hand, if we make full use of our existing stock assets, replacing and reducing the purchase of new equipment with updated equipment can achieve a multiplier effect. With an estimated demand of 24.02 billion yuan, even if 10% of the demand is realized through the regeneration of equipment, there will be a market of 2.4 billion yuan every year.

3.2. Numerical control transformation market for imported equipment and production lines

Since the reform and opening up in China, many enterprises have introduced technology, equipment and production lines from abroad to carry out technological transformation. According to incomplete statistics, from 1979 to 1988, there were 18,446 technical transformation projects introduced nationwide, about 16.58 billion US dollars.

Most of these projects have played their due role in China's economic construction. However, due to various reasons, some of the imported projects are not functioning properly or even paralyzed, which has affected the efficiency of the enterprise and seriously caused the enterprise to be in trouble. After some equipments and production lines were introduced from abroad, some of them were not well absorbed and absorbed, spare parts were incomplete, improperly maintained, and the results were not working properly. Some introduced only attention to the introduction of equipment, instruments, production lines, neglecting software, technology, management, etc., resulting in projects not Complete, the potential of the equipment can not be played; some can not even start the operation, did not play its due role; some products of the production line sell well, but because the equipment failure can not reach the standard; some because of high energy consumption, low product qualification rate It has caused losses; some have been introduced for a long time and require technical updates. For various reasons, some equipment not only does not create wealth, but consumes wealth.

These unusable equipment and production lines are a burden, and they are also a large stock of assets. If they are repaired, they are wealth. As long as we identify the main technical difficulties and solve the key technical problems, we can minimize the investment and revitalize the largest stock assets, and strive for the greatest economic and social benefits. This is also a huge transformation market.

Fourth, the content of CNC transformation and the lack of advantages 4.1, the rise of foreign transformation industry

In the United States, Japan and Germany, the machine tool industry is in a sluggish situation today, their machine tool transformation is a new economic growth industry, business is in full swing, in a golden age. Due to the continuous advancement of machine tools and technology, machine tool transformation is an "eternal" subject. China's machine tool transformation industry has also entered the new industry dominated by numerical control technology from the old industry. In the United States, Japan, and Germany, the use of numerical control technology to transform machine tools and production lines has a broad market, and has formed a new industry for machine tool and production line CNC transformation. In the United States, the machine tool transformation industry is called the machine tool regeneration (Remanufacturing) industry. Well-known companies engaged in the recycling industry are: Bertsche Engineering, Ayton Machine Tool, Devlieg-Bullavd (Dabao) Service Group, US Equipment Company, etc. American Depot has opened a company in China. In Japan, the machine tool transformation industry is called the Retrofitting industry. Well-known companies engaged in the conversion industry include: Otsuka Engineering Group, Gangsan Machinery Co., Chiyoda Machinery Co., Ltd., Nozaki Engineering Co., Hamada Engineering Co., Ltd., Yamamoto Engineering Co., Ltd., etc.

4.2. The content of numerical control transformation The main contents of the numerical control transformation of machine tools and production lines are as follows:
The first is to restore the original function, diagnose and recover the faulty parts of the machine tool and the production line;
The second is NC, adding a digital display device to an ordinary machine tool, or adding a numerical control system, and transforming it into an NC machine tool and a CNC machine tool;
The third is refurbishment. In order to improve the accuracy, efficiency and automation, the mechanical and electrical parts are refurbished, the mechanical parts are reassembled and processed, and the original precision is restored. The CNC system that does not meet the production requirements is updated with the latest CNC;
The fourth is technical upgrading or technological innovation. In order to improve performance or grade, or to use new technologies and technologies, large-scale technical upgrading or technological innovation will be carried out on the original basis, and the level and grade of upgrading will be greatly improved. .

4.3. Advantages and disadvantages of numerical control transformation 4.3.1 Reduced investment amount and short delivery time Compared with the purchase of new machine tools, generally 60% to 80% of the cost can be saved, and the transformation cost is low. Especially for large and special machines, it is especially obvious. Generally, large-scale machine tools are rebuilt, only 1/3 of the cost of new machine tools is purchased, and the delivery time is short. However, in some special cases, such as the production and installation of high-speed spindles and pallet automatic exchange devices, it is too laborious and costly. The cost of retrofitting is often increased by 2 to 3 times. Compared with the purchase of new machine tools, it can only save about 50% of investment.

4.3.2 The mechanical properties are stable and reliable, and the basic parts such as the bed and column used by the structure are heavy and strong casting components, not the welded components. The modified machine tool has high performance and good quality, which can be used as new The device continues to be used for many years. However, due to the limitations of the original mechanical structure, it is not advisable to make a breakthrough transformation.

4.3.3 Familiar with the equipment, easy to operate and repair When purchasing new equipment, do not know whether the new equipment can meet its processing requirements. The transformation is not the case, the machining capacity of the machine tool can be accurately calculated; in addition, due to the use of the machine for many years, the operator has already understood the characteristics of the machine tool, and the training time is short and effective in operation and maintenance. Once the modified machine tool is installed, it can be fully loaded.

4.3.4 Existing conditions can be fully utilized to make full use of existing foundations without having to rebuild the foundation as when purchasing new equipment.

4.3.5 The latest control technology can be used to improve the automation level and efficiency of production equipment, improve the quality and grade of equipment, and change the old machine tool into the current level of machine tools according to the development speed of technological innovation.

Fifth, CNC numerical control system of choice <br> <br> There are three main types, the transformation should be selected according to specific circumstances.

5.1. Open-loop system driven by stepping motor The servo drive device of the system is mainly stepper motor, power stepping motor, electro-hydraulic pulse motor and so on. The feed command pulse sent by the numerical control system is controlled by the drive circuit and the power is amplified, so that the stepping motor rotates, and the actuator is driven by the gear pair and the ball screw pair. As long as the number, frequency, and energization sequence of the command pulses are controlled, the amount of displacement, speed, and direction of motion of the actuator movement can be controlled. Such a system does not need to feed back the measured actual position and speed to the input end, so it is called an open loop system. The displacement accuracy of the system is mainly determined by the angular displacement accuracy of the stepping motor, the transmission components of the gear screw and the like. Pitch accuracy, so the system's displacement accuracy is low.

The system has simple structure, convenient debugging and maintenance, reliable work, low cost and easy modification.

5.2. Asynchronous motor or DC motor drag, closed-loop numerical control system for grating measurement feedback The difference between the system and the open-loop system is: the actual position feedback signal measured by the position detecting device such as grating, inductive synchronizer, and the given value at any time. For comparison, the difference between the two is amplified and transformed, and the actuator is driven to move at a given speed in the direction of eliminating the deviation until the difference between the given position and the actual position of the feedback is equal to zero. The closed-loop feed system is more complex in structure than the open-loop feed system, and the cost is also high, and the environmental room temperature requirements are strict. Design and commissioning are more difficult than open loop systems. However, it is possible to obtain higher accuracy, faster speed, and higher power consumption characteristics than the open loop feed system. The system can be decided according to the technical requirements of the product.

5.3. AC/DC servo motor drag, the semi-closed loop system of the encoder feedback The semi-closed loop system detection component is mounted on the intermediate transmission component to indirectly measure the position of the actuator. It can only compensate for the error of some components inside the system loop. Therefore, its accuracy is lower than that of the closed-loop system, but its structure and debugging are simpler than the closed-loop system. When the angular displacement detecting element is integrated with the speed detecting element and the servo motor, there is no need to consider the mounting problem of the position detecting device.

At present, there are many manufacturers of CNC systems, such as German SIEMENS and FANUC, and domestic companies such as China Everest, Beijing Aerospace CNC System, Huazhong CNC and Shenyang National Engineering Research Center. .
When selecting the numerical control system, it is mainly based on the various precisions that the machine tool has to achieve after the NC transformation, the power of the drive motor and the requirements of the user.

Six, main mechanical components NC transformation modification Discussion <br> <br> a new CNC machine tools, designed to achieve: a high static and dynamic stiffness; coefficient of friction between the moving sub-transmission without a gap; high power Easy to operate and repair. The above requirements should be met as much as possible when the machine tool is modified. It can't be considered that the numerical control device is connected with the ordinary machine tool to meet the requirements of the numerical control machine tool, and the main components should be modified accordingly to meet certain design requirements, in order to obtain the intended transformation purpose.

6.1. Sliding guide pair For the numerical control lathe, the guide rail should have the normal lathe guiding precision and workmanship, but also have good friction and wear resistance, and reduce the dead zone caused by frictional resistance. At the same time, there must be sufficient rigidity to reduce the influence of the deformation of the guide rail on the machining accuracy, and reasonable rail protection and lubrication.

6.2. Gear Pairs The gears of general machine tools are mainly concentrated in the headstock and gearbox. In order to ensure the transmission accuracy, the accuracy of the gears used on CNC machine tools is higher than that of ordinary machine tools. In the structure, it is necessary to achieve a gap-free transmission. Therefore, when the transformation is made, the main gear of the machine tool must meet the requirements of the CNC machine tool to ensure the machining accuracy of the machine tool.

6.3. The sliding screw and the ball screw drive are directly related to the accuracy of the transmission chain. The selection of the lead screw mainly depends on the precision requirements of the workpiece and the drag torque requirement. The sliding screw can be used when the precision of the workpiece is not high, but the original screw wear condition, such as the pitch error and the pitch error and the matching nut clearance, should be checked. In general, the sliding screw should be no less than 6 grades. If the nut clearance is too large, replace the nut. The use of a sliding screw is lower than that of a ball screw, but it is difficult to meet the processing of parts with high precision.
The ball screw has low friction loss and high efficiency, and its transmission efficiency can be above 90%; high precision and long service life; the starting torque and the torque during movement are close to each other, which can reduce the starting torque of the motor. Therefore, it can meet the processing requirements of higher precision parts.

6.4. Safety protection must be based on safety. In the transformation of machine tools, it is necessary to take corresponding measures according to the actual situation, and must not be ignored. The ball screw pair is a precision component. When working, it is necessary to prevent dust, especially chips and hard sand from entering the raceway. An integral iron shield can also be added to the longitudinal lead screw. The end faces of the large carriage that are in contact with the sliding guide rails are to be sealed, and it is absolutely prevented that the hard granular foreign matter enters the sliding surface to damage the guide rail.

VII. Main steps of machine tool numerical control transformation 7.1. Determination of the feasibility of the transformation plan After the feasibility analysis, the modification plan can be determined for the current situation of a certain machine or a certain number of machine tools, generally including:

7.1.1 Combination of mechanical repair and electrical retrofit In general, mechanical repairs are required for machines that require electrical modifications. It is necessary to determine the requirements, scope and content of the repair; also to determine the requirements and contents of the mechanical structural transformation required for electrical transformation; and to determine the interleaving time requirements between electrical renovation and mechanical repair and transformation. The good mechanical properties are the basis for the successful electrical transformation.

7.1.2 When it is difficult to change the first step and then determine the transformation step, the whole electrical part should be divided into several subsystems, such as CNC system, measuring system, spindle, feed system, panel control and high-voltage part. After each system is basically formed, it is interconnected to complete the whole system work. This can make the renovation work less omissions and errors. In each subsystem work, you should first do a less technical, high-volume work, and then do technically high-level, demanding work, so that people's attention can be concentrated in key areas.

7.1.3 Selecting the system according to the conditions of use

For a certain machine or a certain number of machine tools, determine its environment, temperature, humidity, dust, power, light, and even external conditions such as rat damage, which is the protection performance, anti-interference performance, self-cooling performance of the selected electrical system. Air filtration performance, etc. can provide the correct basis, so that the modified electrical system has a reliable use guarantee. Of course, the choice of electrical system must consider mature products, reasonable performance, practical, spare parts and maintenance support, functions to meet the current and future development requirements in the next few years.

7.1.4 Implementing the transformation of personnel and responsibility transformation is a systematic project, and staffing is very important. In addition to the quality of personnel, depending on the size of the project, a reasonable determination of the number of people and division of labor is the key. Too few people are not conducive to carrying out work, too many people are also likely to cause confusion. According to each divided subsystem, the responsibilities of the personnel are determined, and there are times for the owner to facilitate organization and coordination. If the project adopts the form of external cooperation, it is necessary to define the division of labor and determine the technical coordinator under the premise of clear objectives.

7.1.5 Determination of the scope and cycle of the transformation Sometimes the electrical system transformation of the CNC machine tool does not necessarily include all the electrical systems of the machine tool. The scope of the transformation should be determined according to the scientific measurement and analysis. The cycle of shutdown reconstruction is determined according to the actual situation of each enterprise. The factors of consideration include production tension, personnel technical level, sufficient preparation work, new system size and complexity, and even weather conditions. Don't be too happy, be eager for success, and rush into battle, but also make reasonable arrangements to prevent dragging.

7.2, technical preparation for transformation

The adequacy of technical preparation before the transformation determines to a large extent whether the transformation can be successful. Technical preparations include:

7.2.1 Mechanical parts The measurement, calculation, design, drawing, and part making, etc., which are required for mechanical modification to be carried out in conjunction with electrical transformation, shall be completed in advance. At the same time, the parts that need to be dismantled, modified and processed after the shutdown should be planned in advance, and clear requirements should be put forward, and the whole transformation work should be properly connected.

7.2.2 New system electrical data digestion The new system has many new functions, new requirements, new technologies, so familiar with the technical information before the transformation, including system principle description, circuit diagram, PLC ladder diagram and text, installation and commissioning instructions, manual, Programming manual, etc. It is necessary to have sufficient time to translate the above materials (import system), digest, sort and check, so that the ideas are clear and the layers are clear.

7.2.3 Conversion design of new and old system interfaces According to the different modification scope of each equipment, the interface part conversion must be designed in advance. If all the transformations are made, the electromechanical conversion interface, operation panel control and configuration, interconnection part contact, parameter measurement point, maintenance should be designed. Location, etc., requires convenient and reasonable operation and maintenance, smooth line, small connection points, minimum interference between strong and weak, and appropriate margin. For partial transformation, it is also necessary to consider the performance matching of new and old systems, voltage polarity and size conversion, installation position, digital-to-analog conversion, etc., if necessary, to make a conversion interface.

7.2.4 Technical training of operation and programming personnel After the transformation of the electrical system of the machine tool, it will inevitably bring new requirements to the operation and programming personnel. Therefore, it is very important to train the operators and programmers in the new system knowledge in advance, otherwise it will affect the transformation of the machine tool into production. The training content should generally include the new operator panel configuration, function, indication meaning; the functional scope of the new system, the method of use and the difference with the old system; maintenance requirements; programming standards and automation programming. The focus is on understanding and working with the operating instructions and programming instructions.

7.2.5 Determination of commissioning procedures and acceptance criteria After the transformation of the new electrical system, how to commission and determine reasonable acceptance criteria is also an important part of the technical preparation work. The commissioning work involves mechanical, hydraulic, electrical, control, sensing, etc., so it must be carried out by the project leader and other personnel. The debugging steps can be from simple to complex, from small to large, from outside to inside, or first and then global, first subsystem and then complete system. The acceptance criteria are the assessment of the new system. It must be realistic when it is formulated. The standards that are too high or too low will have a negative impact on the transformation work. Once the standard is determined, it cannot be easily modified because it involves all aspects of the entire transformation work.

7.3. After the implementation of the transformation is ready, you can enter the implementation phase of the transformation. The content of the implementation phase is divided into chronological order:

7.3.1 Comprehensive maintenance of the original machine tool After long-term use, the machine tool will have defects in mechanical, hydraulic, lubrication, cleaning, etc., so the first step is to carry out comprehensive maintenance. Secondly, the geometric accuracy and dimensional accuracy of the machine tool should be measured before the change. This can not only guide and reference the transformation work, but also can be used for comparative analysis at the end of the transformation.

7.3.2 Optimized adjustment of the retained electrical part If the electrical system is partially modified, the maintenance and optimization of the reserved electrical part shall be carried out. Such as the replacement of parts in the strong electric part, the maintenance of the motor, the drying insulation of the transformer, the cleaning of the pollution, the cleaning of the ventilation cooling device, the optimization of the servo drive, the renewal of the aging wire and cable, the fastening of the connector, etc. . Only a fine optimization of the retained electrical parts can ensure that the modified machine has a lower failure rate.

7.3.3 Demolition of the original system The original system must be carefully carried out according to the original drawings, and marked on the drawings in time to prevent omission or over-disassembly (under partial modification). In the process of dismantling, some defects in the design of new systems will also be found. They should be supplemented and corrected in time. The removed systems and parts should be classified and properly kept in case of unsuccessful transformation or partial failure. There are certain use values ​​that can be used as spare parts for other machine tools. Don't be too big and big, throw it away.

8.4. Transforming X53 Milling Machine with SIEMENS 802S
In 2000, the X, Z and Z axes of the X53 milling machine were numerically modified by the Siemens 802S CNC system and the stepping drive system. The mechanical use of the roller screw and gear transmission. The entire transformation work includes mechanical design, electrical design and installation and commissioning of the machine. After the transformation of the milling machine, it has been put into production and processing of the SS8 car and the connecting rod of the power car.

Nine, NC transformation problem and recommendations <br> <br> after the transformation by several NC machine tools, he found work, there are also many problems, mainly in:

First, the responsibilities of various departments and developers are unclear and the organization is confusing, which seriously affects the progress of the transformation;

Second, most of the work processes and plans formulated are based on experience and are not reasonable;

Third, the training work of the relevant personnel is not in place, resulting in the problem that the process personnel will not be programmed after the machine tool transformation, and the operator is not skilled in the operation of the machine tool.

To sum up the above questions, there are several suggestions:

The first is to establish a library of CNC technology resources at home and abroad;

The second is to train a group of high-quality applications and maintenance personnel;

The third is to pay attention to the technical training of users using and maintaining the CNC system.