Current status and future development trend of CNC machining tool technology

In recent years, driven by high-tech technologies such as microelectronics technology, computer technology, and information engineering materials engineering, traditional manufacturing technology has developed rapidly and has rapidly developed into an emerging manufacturing technology—digital manufacturing technology. Compared with traditional manufacturing technology, its important features have been widely used in CNC machining technology. The driving force behind this development comes from the strong pursuit of manufacturing efficiency in manufacturing. In this context, tool manufacturing and application technology with manufacturing as the main service target has developed rapidly. A large number of high-speed, high-efficiency, flexible, composite, environmentally-friendly CNC machining tools and new application technologies are emerging, which has caused fundamental changes in traditional cutting technology. Nowadays, hard cutting, dry cutting, high-speed and high-efficiency machining have become an important symbol of modern cutting technology, and have driven the comprehensive improvement of cutting technology, which has become a key technology of CNC machining. Tool products have developed into high value-added, high-tech products, including the latest achievements in the field of contemporary materials, information science, computers, and microelectronics applications.

First, the progress of tool materials
At present, the main features of tool material development are: on the one hand, cemented carbide replaces high-speed steel as the main tool material; on the other hand, the proportion of super-hard tool material is greatly increased.

Cemented carbide substrate
The development of new grades of cemented carbide is more and more targeted. For example, Kennametal of the United States only has different grades for turning materials: processed steel KC9110, processed stainless steel KC9225, processed cast iron KY1310, processed heat resistant alloy KC5410, processed. Hardened material KC5510, processing non-ferrous material KY1615, the new grade can increase the cutting efficiency by 15% to 20%. Seco has introduced a new grade of cast iron TK1000 and TK2000, which can increase the cutting speed by 20% to 30%. The company has developed TP3000 heavy cutting, interrupted cutting and large feed applications for machining steel parts with good reliability.

Cast iron stainless steel is currently used in many workpiece materials. However, the machinability of the two is very different. Many companies have developed special grades for processing these two materials. For example, Zhuzhou Diamond Cutting Tool Co., Ltd. develops the Black Diamond blade series, which specializes in processing cast iron carbide inserts, including dry high speed machining gray cast iron YBD052, high speed machining ductile iron YBD102, high speed or milling YBD152 and low speed wet milling. Turn the YBD252 grades under intermittent conditions. These new grades can increase cutting speed by 30% to 40% compared to the original grade, and the service life can be increased by nearly 40% to 50%. For processing stainless steel, Sweden Sandvik Turning Austenitic Stainless Steel GC2015 has a gradient zone resistant to plastic deformation to improve the thermosetting matrix, plus a TiN-TiN/Al2O3 (multilayer)-TiCN coating designed for this grade, and coating The surface is smoothed to improve the anti-abrasive wear, anti-flaking and anti-built-up ability. The Korean KORLOY PC9530 is a milled stainless steel grade with an ultra-fine particle matrix PVD coating.

New grade development emphasizes the optimal combination of substrate coating
For high-speed processing grades, the base should have a high resistance to plastic deformation and a cobalt-rich surface and an anti-moon wear coating; for suitable cutting grades, the base coating should have good toughness. Sandvik's special grades for turning cast irons GC3205, GC3210 and GC3215 are CVD coated cemented carbides, which are used for high-speed machining of gray cast iron, high-speed machining of ductile iron, and low-speed intermittent cutting of various cast irons. These three grades are of different hardness. The alloy matrix has different thicknesses of Al2O3 and MT-TiCN coatings. Japan's Mitsubishi Materials Corporation develops UC5105 and UC5115 hard alloy CVD coating grades for turning cast iron. The former is used for high-speed continuous cutting of gray cast iron or ductile cast iron, and uses high hardness matrix. The latter is used for unstable processing of ductile iron. A tough matrix; both coated with particulate Al2O3 particles and a fibrous TiCN thick film. BOEHLERIT's cast iron grade CasttecLC620H uses a tough matrix for interrupted cutting, while the Al2O3 surface coating reduces crater wear. There is also an interlocking interlayer to increase the bond strength and can be used at 400m/min. Processing gray cast iron.