Analysis of Development History of CNC Machine Tools in Various Countries

Since the United States developed a CNC lathe in the late 1950s, the machine tool manufacturing industry has entered the era of CNC. The United States, Germany, and Japan are the countries with the most advanced technology and experience in the research, design, manufacture, and use of CNC machine tools. Because of its different social conditions, each has its own characteristics.

1. History of CNC Development in the United States

The U.S. government attaches importance to the machine tool industry. The U.S. Department of Defense and other departments continue to put forward the development direction and scientific research tasks of the machine tool, and provide sufficient funding, and recruit talent from around the world. It pays particular attention to “efficiency” and “innovation.” Basic research. Therefore, continuous innovation in machine tool technology, such as the development of the world's first CNC machine tool in 1952, the creation of a machining center in 1958, the development of FMS in the early 1970s, and the creation of an open CNC system in 1987, etc. Since the United States first combined the production needs of automobiles and bearings, it fully developed a large number of automatic lines required for large-scale production automation, and the electronic and computer technologies were leading in the world. Therefore, the host design, manufacture, and numerical control system of CNC machine tools were solid and they always attached importance to it. Scientific research and innovation have led the world in high-performance CNC machine tools. The lessons learned from the use of high-performance CNC machine tools in the United States today include the emphasis on basic research and neglect of applied technologies. In the 1980s, the government briefly relaxed its guidance, resulting in a slow increase in the output of CNC machine tools. Japan has surpassed Japan and imported a lot. Since the 1990s, to correct the bias in the past, CNC machine tools have been technically turned to practical use, and production has gradually increased.

2. History of CNC development in Germany

The German government has always attached importance to the important strategic position of the machine tool industry and has been vigorously supporting it in many ways. After the first CNC machine tool was developed in 1956, Germany paid special attention to scientific experiments, the combination of theory and practice, and basic scientific research and applied technology research. The enterprise cooperates closely with the university's scientific research department and conducts in-depth research on the commonality and characteristics of CNC machine tools, and strives for excellence in quality. Germany's CNC machine tools are of good quality, advanced and practical, genuine, and exported to the world. Especially large, heavy, precision CNC machine tools. Germany attaches great importance to the advanced and practical use of CNC machine tools and its accessories. Its machines, electricity, liquid, gas, light, tools, measurement, numerical control systems, and various functional components rank among the highest in the world in terms of quality and performance. Such as the Siemens CNC system, are world-renowned, competing to adopt.

3. History of CNC Development in Japan

The Japanese government attaches great importance to the development of the machine tool industry, and guides development through planning and regulations (such as the “machine vibration method”, “electromechanical method”, and “machine letter method”). Learning about Germany in terms of talents and machine tool components, learning about the United States in quality management and CNC machine tool technology, and even outdid blue and blue. Since the first CNC machine tool was developed in 1958, the output (7,342 units) exceeded that of the United States (7,342 units) in 1978, and the output and export volume have been ranked first in the world so far (in 2001, there were 46,604 units and 27,409 units exported, accounting for 59%). . The first strategy is to imitate Houchuang. Mr. Zhong produces a large and medium-sized mid-range CNC machine tool that is exported in large quantities and takes up the majority of the world market. In the 1980s, we began to further strengthen scientific research and develop high-performance CNC machine tools. Japan's FANUC company has a correct strategy, and creates a combination of various types of low-to-medium high-end numerical control systems targeted at the market. It is technologically advanced and ranks first in the world in output. The company has 3,674 employees, more than 600 researchers, and a monthly production capacity of 7,000 units. Sales account for 50% of the world market and 70% of the country's total sales. It has greatly accelerated the development of CNC machine tools in Japan and the world. effect.

4. The current situation in China

The development of CNC technology in China started in the 1950s. Through the introduction of CNC technology during the “6th Five-Year Plan” period, the organization organized digestion and absorption of “Sci-Tech research” during the “7th Five-Year Plan” period. China's numerical control technology and CNC industry have achieved considerable results. Especially in recent years, China's CNC industry has developed rapidly. The average annual growth rate of domestic CNC machine tool production and consumption from 1998 to 2004 was 39.3% and 34.9%, respectively. Despite this, the development momentum of imported machine tools is still strong. From 2002, China has become the world's largest machine tool consumer and the largest machine tool importer for the third consecutive year.

"2016-2020 China's CNC machine tool market investment analysis and prospects forecast report" pointed out that in the development of CNC machine tools, China has exceeded the key core technology, the formation of a number of iconic products.

In the aerospace field, we have independently developed heavy forging presses such as 800MN large forging presses and 120MN aluminum alloy sheet tension stretching machines, which fill the gaps in the overall forming technology of large-scale key parts in the aviation industry in China, and provide opportunities for the intercontinental development of military aircrafts and the development of large aircrafts. Strong protection. Among them, 800MN large forging presses have realized more than 30 kinds of key components of titanium in the aerospace field. The high quality aluminum alloy plate produced by the 120MN grade aluminum alloy plate has been applied to aircraft wing and other main bearing capacity. Structural parts and components, get rid of the plight of China's large aircraft aluminum alloy plate completely dependent on imports.

In the field of automobile manufacturing, large-scale fast and efficient CNC automatic stamping production lines won international orders from world-class companies and won the bulk orders of US automotive factory production lines, which have been recognized and respected by international counterparts. At present, the domestic market share of auto parts stamping lines exceeds 70%, and the global market share has exceeded 30%, which has effectively promoted the autonomy of domestic auto equipment.

In the field of power generation equipment, 36,000 tons of black vertical metal extrusion machine has achieved the self-production of domestic high-end heat-resistant steel large-caliber thick-walled seamless steel pipes used in 1000MW ultra-supercritical thermal power units; large-scale opening and closing heat treatment equipment produced the largest in Asia The nuclear forging rotor forgings form a large-scale rotor production capacity; the ultra-heavy CNC vertical turning and milling composite machining machine and the CNC heavy-duty bridge gantry five-axis linkage milling and milling machine developed for the nuclear generation nuclear island and conventional island equipment. , Super-heavy-duty CNC floor milling and boring machine, super-heavy-duty CNC horizontal boring lathe, special CNC axial groove milling machine, etc., to solve the processing problems of nuclear pressure vessels and baskets, heat exchangers, turbine cylinders, generator rotors, etc. Installed on multiple nuclear power equipment applications.